Immunostimulating activity of Uncaria tomentosa in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Uncaria tomentosa is a plant native to the Amazon that has immunomodulatory and antitumor properties due to the alkaloids found in the plant, being able to modify the immune response by potentiating or suspending the action of cytokines secreted by macrophages that induce the immune response, either by the classical route (M1) or through the alternative route (M2). Macrophages activated by M1 convert L-arginine into L-citrulline and nitric oxide (NO), whereas macrophages activated by the M2 pathway use the enzymatic activity of arginase to convert the same substrate into L-ornithine and urea. The aim of this work was to evaluate the immunostimulating activity of the crude hydroalcoholic extract from the bark of the U. tomentosa stem in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Concentrations of 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 mg/mL of U. tomentosa extract associated with LPS, INF-γ and IL-4 inducers were tested by determining NO production and arginase enzyme activity. Nitric oxide production was enhanced by the extract when associated with LPS and LPS + INF-γ inducers. In the activity of the arginase enzyme, the extract decreased the stimulation of IL-4 on the enzyme, mainly at 0.2 mg/mL concentration. Therefore, it is concluded that the crude hydroalcoholic extract of the stem bark of U. tomentosa in RAW 264.7 cells, at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, showed considerable pro-inflammatory activity.

Evaluation of miRNAs regulation of BDNF and IGF1 genes in T2DM insulin resistance in experimental models: bioinformatics based approach.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) biomarkers useful for disease metabolism comprehension and have great potential as therapeutics targets. BDNF and IGF1 increased expression are highly involved in the benefits of insulin and glucose paths, however, they are down-regulated in insulin resistance conditions, while their expression increase is correlated to the improvement of glucose and insulin metabolism. Studies suggest the microRNA regulation of these genes in several different contexts, providing a novel investigation approach for comprehending T2DM metabolism and revealing potential therapeutic targets. In the present study, we investigate in different animal models (human, rat, and mouse) miRNAs that target BDNF and IGF1 in skeletal muscle tissue with T2DM physiological conditions. Bioinformatics tools and databases were used to miRNA prediction, molecular homology, experimental validation of interactions, expression in the studied physiological condition, and network interaction. The findings showed three miRNAs candidates for IGF1(miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c) and one for BDNF (miR-206). The experimental evaluations and the search for the expression in skeletal muscle from T2DM subjects confirmed the predicted interaction between miRNA-mRNA for miR-29b and miR-206 through human, rat, and mouse models. This interaction was reaffirmed in multiple network analyses. In conclusion, our results show the regulation relationship between miR-29b and miR-206 with the investigated genes, in several tissues, suggesting an inhibition pattern. Nevertheless, these data show a large number of possible interaction physiological processes, for future biotechnological prospects.

Proteomic profile of vitrified in vitro-produced bovine embryos (Bos taurus indicus).

BACKGROUND: The proteomic profile of cryopreserved in vitro produced bovine embryos is little known but can provide insights on the successful application of cryo procedures in support of animal breeding. OBJECTIVE: To identify embryonic proteins and biomarkers related to improved cryotolerance of vitrified in vitro produced bovine embryos. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proteins were isolated from embryo pools (n = 25 embryos per replicate) and analyzed using the nanoLC - MS/MS system. Further, the UniProtKB database (Uniprot -http://www.uniprot.org/) was used for protein identification. Proteins were classified based on their molecular mass, isoelectric point, and enzymatic activity. Post-translational modification predictions and functional gene ontology analysis were performed as well. Finally, a protein-protein interaction network was created to shed light on the embryo interactome. RESULTS: Based on the MS/MS approach, 66 proteins were identified from vitrified Bos taurus embryos. The retrieved proteins were presumably annotated, which allowed a description of the qualitative and functional aspects of the embryo proteome after the vitrification process. CONCLUSION: These findings allowed us to conclude that in vitro-produced vitrified embryos expressed proteins that underlie biological processes related to reproduction, stress and lipid metabolic process, which are essential to maintain embryo viability. doi.org/10.54680/fr22410110512.

Polyvinylidene fluoride - Hydroxyapatite 0-3 biocomposite filaments processed by twin-screw extrusion.

Polyvinylidene fluoride - hydroxyapatite composite filaments were processed by twin-screw extrusion at different processing angular velocities and characterized by scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile tests. Polymer-ceramic composites with a 0-3 connectivity were successfully obtained. Regardless of the used processing parameters, all composite filaments present very similar melting (∼152°C) and solidification (∼139°C) points and elastic moduli (∼1.0 GPa) for hydroxyapatite as dispersed phase in the composite with concentrations up to 25 wt%, indicating that they are adequate for twin-screw extrusion and 3D printing. However, the yield strength (∼29 MPa), ultimate tensile strength (∼36 MPa) and tensile point (∼29 MPa) parameters are similar only for hydroxyapatite concentrations up to 15 wt%, once higher concentrations of hydroxyapatite as dispersed phase result in fragile samples (∼50% lower for each studied property).

Preventive oral kefir supplementation protects mice from ovariectomy-induced exacerbated allergic airway inflammation.

Asthma is an inflammatory lung disease that affects more women than men in adulthood. Clinical evidence shows that hormonal fluctuation during the menstrual cycle and menopause are related to increased asthma severity in women. Considering that life expectancy has increased and that most women now undergo menopause, strategies to prevent the worsening of asthma symptoms are particularly important. A recent study from our group showed that re-exposure of ovariectomised allergic mice to antigen (ovalbumin) leads to an exacerbation of lung inflammation that is similar to clinical conditions. However, little is known about the role of probiotics in the prevention of asthma exacerbations during the menstrual cycle or menopause. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with kefir, a popular fermented dairy beverage, as a preventive strategy for modulating allergic disease. The results show that the preventive kefir administration decreases the influx of inflammatory cells in the airways and exacerbates the production of mucus and the interleukin 13 cytokine. Additionally, kefir changes macrophage polarisation by decreasing the number of M2 macrophages, as shown by RT-PCR assay. Thus, kefir is a functional food that potentially prevents allergic airway inflammation exacerbations in ovariectomised mice.

Effects of 17ß-estradiol on early gonadal development and expression of genes implicated in sexual differentiation of a South American teleost, Astyanax altiparanae.

Gonadal sex differentiation in teleost fish shows greater plasticity as compared to other vertebrates, as it can be influenced by a variety of factors such as exogenous sex steroids. Exogenous estrogens, such as 17ß-estradiol (E2), can induce feminization when administered during early embryonic development. However, the mechanisms underlying the E2-induced feminization are not fully understood, especially in Neotropical species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of E2 administration on the phenotypic sex characteristics, histological assessment of the gonads, and the expression of selected genes in Astyanax altiparanae exposed to dietary E2 prior to gonadal differentiation. At 4 days post-hatch (dph), groups of 30-40 undifferentiated larvae were fed with a diet containing varying amounts of E2 for 28 days, and fish were sampled at 90 dph. Previous studies revealed that ovary formation in A. altiparanae occurred at 58 dph, whereas the first sign of testis formation was found at 73 dph. In relation to the control, E2 exposure increased the proportion of phenotypic females in 120% and 148.4% for 4 and 6 mg E2/Kg, respectively. However, histological analysis revealed that treatments did not affect gonadal sex ratio between males and females, but induced intersex (testis-ova) in the group treated with 6 mg E2/Kg food. Treatment with E2 also altered gonadal transcript levels of a selected number of genes implicated in sexual differentiation. Males overexpressed dmrt1, sox9 and amh following E2 treatment as compared to control. Females showed increased mRNA levels of dmrt1 and sox9, which might be related to the down-regulation of cyp19a1a after E2 exposure. In summary, E2 exposure during early gonadal development affected male secondary characteristics without changing the gonadal sex ratio, and altered expression of genes implicated in sexual differentiation.

Cryopreservation of Bovine Semen Using Extract of Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil Nuts).

BACKGROUND: Semen cryopreservation is essential in animal breeding programs for improving the availability of genetic resources from animals with high breeding value. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the addition of Brazil nut extract as a replacement for egg yolk in bovine semen cryopreservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semen was collected from five Nelore bulls and cryopreserved with the addition (treatments) of 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% Brazil nut extract in the cryoprotectant medium. After thawing, spermatic cells were evaluated for morphology, plasma membrane integrity, spermatic kinetics, and in vitro fertilization. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, and the data were submitted to regression analysis. RESULTS: The minor-type and total defects, and plasma membrane integrity were affected (P < 0.05) as a function of egg yolk substitution with Brazil nut extract. There was a significant effect (P < 0.05) of Brazil nut extract addition on the spermatic kinetics and cleavage rate. CONCLUSION: The addition of Brazil nut extract in the cryoprotective medium as a substitute of egg yolk for freezing bovine semen negatively affects sperm quality and fertility.

Evaluation of morphology, morphometry and follicular dynamics in FecGE genotyped ewes.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of FecGE mutation on the development of ovarian follicles. To this end, 42 Santa Inês ewes were genotyped for FecGE mutation and classified as wild-type (FecG+/+), heterozygous (FecG+/E) or mutant homozygous (FecGE/E). Ovarian fragments were processed, and the follicles were analyzed with regard to the morphology and morphometry using classical histology. For the evaluation of follicular dynamics, ewes underwent oestrous synchronization and were monitored throughout an interovulatory period. A higher (P < 0.05) percentage of morphologically normal follicles in the primordial stage was identified in FecGE/E (90.0%) and FecG+/E (88.1%) ewes than in the FecG+/+ (73.0%) ewes. There was also a significantly greater (P < 0.05) number of morphologically normal follicles in the FecGE/E (87.3%) and FecG+/E (83.3%) ewes than in FecG+/+ (76.8%) ewes in the transitional stage. A smaller (P < 0.05) diameter was observed in the secondary follicles in FecGE/E (93.8 µm) ewes than in FecG+/E (171.8 µm) ewes. Regarding follicular dynamics, FecGE/E ewes showed a greater (P < 0.05) number of ovulations (2.5 ±â€¯0.2) than FecG+/+ ewes (1.5 ±â€¯0.3) ewes. Ovulatory follicles were smaller (P < 0.05) in the FecGE/E (5.1 mm) and FecG+/E (5.2 mm) ewes than in FecG+/+ (5.8 mm) ewes. Santa Inês nulliparous ewes carrying the FecGE mutation showed a greater proportion of morphologically normal follicles in the primordial and transitional stages than those not carrying the mutation. FecGE/E ewes demonstrated a higher number of ovulated follicles and that FecGE/E and FecG+/E ewes presented ovulatory follicles with a smaller diameter.

Development and chemical characterization of biodegradable polymeric implants containing sirolimus for the treatment of malignant solid tumors.

The use of sirolimus and its analogs has been evaluated in studies aimed at combating several types of cancer; however, because of the limited bioavailability of the drug, the search for new forms of administration is required. Biodegradable polymeric implants containing sirolimus were developed and assessed as an alternative method of drug administration. Implants containing 25 % (w/w) sirolimus were prepared employing the polymer matrices chitosan, polycaprolactone and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in two proportions: PLGA 50:50 and PLGA 75:25. Thermal analysis techniques such as thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, combined with x-ray diffraction were used to characterize and evaluate the compatibility of the constituents of the formulation. No incompatibilities were found between the components, but drug amorphization was observed in all samples. Implants made from the polymers chitosan and PCL may accelerate the degradation of SRL when these polymers are dissolved in methanol at 50 °C. HPLC analysis showed that the implant prepared with PLGA 75:25 did not present degradation products and maintained its appropriate drug content, even when dissolved in methanol and heated to 50 °C. Therefore, it represents the most suitable biodegradable polymer for use in implants developed for the treatment of malignant solid tumors. However, it is still necessary to further study the drug effects after amorphization of the crystal and also to perform stability and solubility analysis.

The Addition of AçaÍ Palm Fruit Extract in the Cryopreservation Diluent of Bull's Semen with Low Performance on Freezing.

BACKGROUND: Semen freezing is of great importance for animal production because it allows the use and the rapid diffusion of the genetic material from economically important animals. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of açai (Euterpe oleracea; Arecaceae family) extract addition to the semen cryopreservation diluent on the morphology, sperm motility parameters, and plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ejaculates, obtained from five bulls with low performance on semen freezing, were fractionated and distributed according to the experimental group. The control samples did not have açaí extract added, whereas to the treated groups were added 5, 10, 15 or 20 mg ml-1 of açaí extract into the semen diluent. The sperm morphology was evaluated with a formalin-saline-buffered solution. The plasma membrane integrity was evaluated by the epifluorescent test, while the cellular kinetics was assessed by an automated analysis of the spermatic movement. RESULTS: The sperm defects showed a linearly decreasing effect (P < 0.05) with the addition of different concentrations of açaí extract. The plasma membrane integrity was higher (P < 0.05) after the açaí addition to the cryopreservation diluent. There was no significant effect (P > 0.05) of the açaí extract on the kinetics of spermatozoa. CONCLUSION: The addition of açaí extract to the cryopreservation diluent provided better preservation of the structural integrity of the sperm plasma membrane in the bull's semen with low tolerance to the cryopreservation process.

Genomic and epidemiological monitoring of yellow fever virus transmission potential.

The yellow fever virus (YFV) epidemic in Brazil is the largest in decades. The recent discovery of YFV in Brazilian Aedes species mosquitos highlights a need to monitor the risk of reestablishment of urban YFV transmission in the Americas. We use a suite of epidemiological, spatial, and genomic approaches to characterize YFV transmission. We show that the age and sex distribution of human cases is characteristic of sylvatic transmission. Analysis of YFV cases combined with genomes generated locally reveals an early phase of sylvatic YFV transmission and spatial expansion toward previously YFV-free areas, followed by a rise in viral spillover to humans in late 2016. Our results establish a framework for monitoring YFV transmission in real time that will contribute to a global strategy to eliminate future YFV epidemics.

Temporal expression of pluripotency-associated transcription factors in sheep and cattle preimplantation embryos.

SummaryPluripotency-associated transcription factors (PATFs) modulate gene expression during early mammalian embryogenesis. Despite a strong understanding of PATFs during mouse embryogenesis, limited progress has been made in ruminants. This work aimed to describe the temporal expression of eight PATFs during both sheep and cattle preimplantation development. Transcript availability of PATFs was evaluated by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in eggs, cleavage-stage embryos, morulae, and blastocysts. Transcripts of five genes were detected in all developmental stages of both species (KLF5, OCT4, RONIN, ZFP281, and ZFX). Furthermore, CMYC was detected in all cattle samples but was found from cleavage-stage onwards in sheep. In contrast, NR0B1 was detected in all sheep samples but was not detected in cattle morulae. GLIS1 displayed the most significant variation in temporal expression between species, as this PATF was only detected in cattle eggs and sheep cleavage-stage embryos and blastocysts. In silico analysis suggested that cattle and sheep PATFs share similar size, isometric point and molecular weight. A phenetic analysis showed two patterns of PATF clustering between cattle and sheep, among several mammalian species. In conclusion, the temporal expression of pluripotency-associated transcription factors differs between sheep and cattle, suggesting species-specific regulation during preimplantation development.

Protein from Hevea brasiliensis "Hev b 13" latex attenuates systemic inflammatory response and lung lesions in rats with sepsis / Proteína do latex de Hevea brasiliensis "Hev b 13" atenua resposta inflamatória sistêmica e lesão pulmonar de ratos com sepse

Abstract Sepsis induces a severe systemic inflammatory response that may result in multiple organ dysfunction and death. Studies using a protein derived from natural Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) latex, denominated Hev b 13, have demonstrated important anti-inflammatory effects, but no data have been published regarding its effects on sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Hev b 13 on the inflammatory response and lung lesions of septal rats. Male Wistar rats were submitted to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), randomized into groups and treated with subcutaneously administered doses of 0.5/2.0/3.0 mg/Kg of Hev b 13. Next, animals were subdivided into three different points in time (1, 6 and 24 hours after treatments) for collection of blood samples and euthanasia accompanied by organ removal. Total and differential leukocyte counts, cytokine dosage and histological assessment were analyzed. Treatment with Hev b 13 resulted in a significant decline in total and differential leukocytes as well as suppression of TNF-α and IL-6 production, associated with the increase in IL-10 and IL-4 in plasma and lung tissue. Moreover, it reduced morphological and pathological changes found in the lungs, including neutrophil infiltration, edema and alveolar thickening. The present study concluded that Hev b 13 exerts anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates lung lesions in septal rats, showing potential for clinical application.

Resumo Sepse induz uma resposta inflamatória sistêmica grave podendo resultar em disfunção de múltiplos órgãos e morte. Pesquisas utilizando uma proteína derivada do látex natural de Hevea brasiliensis (seringueira), denominada Hev b 13 tem demonstrado importantes efeitos anti-inflamatórios, mas nenhum dado foi publicado dos seus efeitos na sepse. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da Hev b 13 na resposta inflamatória e na lesão pulmonar de ratos com sepse. Ratos machos da linhagem Wistar foram submetidos a ligação e perfuração do ceco (LPC), randomizados em grupos e tratados com as doses 0,5/2,0/3,0 mg/Kg de Hev b 13 subcutâneo. Após subdividiu-se os animais em três pontos diferentes de tempo (1, 6 e 24 horas após os tratamentos) para coleta de amostras sanguíneas e eutanásia com remoção dos órgãos. Contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, dosagem de citocinas e avaliação histológica foram analisadas. O tratamento com a Hev b 13 resultou em diminuição significativa de leucócitos totais e diferenciais bem como suprimiu a produção de TNF-α e IL-6, associado ao aumento de IL-10 e IL-4 no plasma e tecido pulmonar. Além disso, reduziu as alterações morfológicas e patológicas encontradas nos pulmões, incluindo infiltrado de neutrófilos, edema e espessamento alveolar. Este estudo concluiu que a Hev b 13 tem efeitos anti-inflamatórios e atenua lesões pulmonares em ratos com sepse, apresentando potencialidades para aplicabilidade clínica.

Descriptive analysis of rabies in wild animals in the state of Sergipe, Brazil / Análise descritiva da raiva em animais silvestres no estado de Sergipe, Brasil

The wild cycle of rabies constitutes a serious challenge to epidemiological surveillance for disease control in domestic, companion or production animals, and in humans. The understanding of rabies virus circulation in the natural environment is increasingly important due to the constancy of natural reservoirs of the disease and the presence of potential vectors of the infection to humans and domestic animals. Aiming to evaluate the occurrence of rabies in the State of Sergipe a total of 935 hematophagous bats (Desmodus rotundus), 46 wild dogs (Cerdocyon thous) and 24 primates (Callithrix spp.) were analyzed from 1987 to 2014, of which 1 bat, 17 crab-eating foxes and no primates were positive. Due to the lack of positive results in hematophagous bats, the main vector of herbivorous rabies, more studies are needed to monitor cases, because from an epidemiological point of view, Sergipe is endemic for herbivorous rabies. Epidemiological surveillance of rabies virus in wild animals is primordial for the success of disease control programs in herds of domestic animals and humans.(AU)

O ciclo silvestre da raiva constitui um sério desafio para a vigilância epidemiológica no controle da doença nos animais domésticos, de companhia ou de produção, e nos seres humanos. O entendimento sobre a circulação do vírus rábico no ambiente natural é cada vez mais importante, em razão da constância de reservatórios naturais da doença e da presença de vetores potenciais da infecção aos humanos e aos animais domésticos. Com o objetivo de avaliar a ocorrência da raiva no estado de Sergipe, foram analisados 935 morcegos hematófagos (Desmodus rotundus), 46 cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) e 24 primatas (Callithrix spp.) no período de 1987 a 2014, dos quais resultaram positivos um morcego, 17 cachorros-do-mato e nenhum primata. Em que pese a contundente falta de resultados positivos em morcegos hematófagos, principal vetor da raiva dos herbívoros, mais estudos são necessários no monitoramento dos casos, pois o estado, do ponto de vista epidemiológico, é endêmico para a raiva dos herbívoros. A vigilância epidemiológica do vírus da raiva nos animais silvestres é primordial para o sucesso dos programas de controle da doença em rebanhos de animais domésticos e em seres humanos.(AU)

Directional analysis of cardiac motion field from gated fluorodeoxyglucose PET images using the Discrete Helmholtz Hodge Decomposition.

OBJECTIVES: Extract directional information related to left ventricular (LV) rotation and torsion from a 4D PET motion field using the Discrete Helmholtz Hodge Decomposition (DHHD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Synthetic motion fields were created using superposition of rotational and radial field components and cardiac fields produced using optical flow from a control and patient image. These were decomposed into curl-free (CF) and divergence-free (DF) components using the DHHD. RESULTS: Synthetic radial components were present in the CF field and synthetic rotational components in the DF field, with each retaining its center position, direction of motion and diameter after decomposition. Direction of rotation at apex and base for the control field were in opposite directions during systole, reversing during diastole. The patient DF field had little overall rotation with several small rotators. CONCLUSIONS: The decomposition of the LV motion field into directional components could assist quantification of LV torsion, but further processing stages seem necessary.

Protein from Hevea brasiliensis "Hev b 13" latex attenuates systemic inflammatory response and lung lesions in rats with sepsis.

Sepsis induces a severe systemic inflammatory response that may result in multiple organ dysfunction and death. Studies using a protein derived from natural Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) latex, denominated Hev b 13, have demonstrated important anti-inflammatory effects, but no data have been published regarding its effects on sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Hev b 13 on the inflammatory response and lung lesions of septal rats. Male Wistar rats were submitted to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), randomized into groups and treated with subcutaneously administered doses of 0.5/2.0/3.0 mg/Kg of Hev b 13. Next, animals were subdivided into three different points in time (1, 6 and 24 hours after treatments) for collection of blood samples and euthanasia accompanied by organ removal. Total and differential leukocyte counts, cytokine dosage and histological assessment were analyzed. Treatment with Hev b 13 resulted in a significant decline in total and differential leukocytes as well as suppression of TNF-α and IL-6 production, associated with the increase in IL-10 and IL-4 in plasma and lung tissue. Moreover, it reduced morphological and pathological changes found in the lungs, including neutrophil infiltration, edema and alveolar thickening. The present study concluded that Hev b 13 exerts anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates lung lesions in septal rats, showing potential for clinical application.

Avaliação do tratamento antirrábico humano pós-exposição, associado a acidentes com cães / Evaluation the human anti-rabies treatment associated with accidents with dogs

O estudo da profilaxia da raiva humana contribui para orientação quanto ao uso de vacinas e soros antirrábicos, servindo de base para a definição de estratégias de prevenção, controle e avaliação da doença. Objetivou-se avaliar o atendimento antirrábico humano pós-exposição e possíveis incompatibilidades com o protocolo do Ministério da Saúde, em agressões por cães, no município de Belo Horizonte. Analisaram-se as fichas de atendimento antirrábico do SINAN para comparação dos tratamentos prescritos com as Normas de Profilaxia antirrábica do Ministério da Saúde. As características dos atendimentos foram: quanto à exposição, 93,0% decorrentes de mordedura; quanto à localização da agressão, 35,5% ocorreram nos membros inferiores; quanto ao ferimento, 62,0% foram lesões únicas; quanto ao tipo de ferimento, 65,8% foram superficiais; quanto à condição do animal, 85,0% ocorreram por animais sadios; em 83,4% dos casos os animais eram observáveis; quanto ao tratamento, observação e vacina (57,3%). O tratamento foi inadequado em 32,7% das condutas. O número de tratamentos instituídos foi muito elevado, 75,7% dos casos. De todos os atendimentos 21,2% das indicações foram consideradas excessivas e 11,5% insuficientes. O sistema de vigilância apresenta falhas e existe a necessidade de corrigi-las para que as informações referentes à finalização dos casos sejam conclusivas.(AU)

The study of prophylaxis of human rabies contributes to guidance on the use of vaccines and anti-rabies serums, providing the basis for the definition of strategies for prevention, control and evaluation of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the service to early post-exposure human anti-rabies and possible incompatibilities with the Ministry of Health protocol attacks by dogs in the city of Belo Horizonte. The anti-rabies care records of SINAN were analyzed for comparison of treatments prescribed in the Prophylaxis of Rabies Standards of the Ministry of Health. The characteristics of the calls were about the exposure, 93.0% resulting from biting; the location of the assault, 35.5% occurred in the lower limbs; the injury, only 62.0% were injuries; the type of injury, 65.8% were superficial; the condition of the animal, 85.0% occurred in healthy animals; 83.4% of the cases the animals were observed; as treatment, observation and vaccine (57.3%). The treatment was inadequate in 32.7%. The number of established treatments was very high, 75.7% of cases. In all 21.2% of indications consultations were considered excessive and 11.5% insufficient. The surveillance system is faulty and there is a need to correct them so that the information regarding the completion of cases are conclusive.(AU)

Input respiratory impedance in mice: comparison between the flow-based and the wavetube method to perform the forced oscillation technique.

Objective and approach: In this study, we estimated the constant phase model (CPM) parameters from the respiratory impedance of male BALB/c mice by performing the forced oscillation technique (FOT) in a control group (n = 8) and in a murine model of asthma (OVA) (n = 10). Then, we compared the results obtained by two different methods, using a commercial equipment (flexiVent-flexiWare 7.X; SCIREQ, Montreal, Canada) (FXV) and a wavetube method equipment (Sly et al 2003 J. Appl. Physiol. 94 1460-6) (WVT). We believe that the results from different methods may not be comparable. First, we compared the results performing a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the resistance, elastance and tissue damping. MAIN RESULTS: We found statistically significant differences in all CPM parameters, except for resistance, when comparing Control and OVA groups. When comparing devices, we found statistically significant differences in resistance, while differences in elastance were not observed. For tissue damping, the results from WVT were observed to be higher than those from FXV. Finally, when comparing the relative variation between the CPM parameters of the Control and OVA groups in both devices, no significant differences were observed for all parameters. SIGNIFICANCE: We then conclude that this assessment can compensate the effect of using different cannulas. Furthermore, tissue damping differences between groups can be compensated, since bronchoconstrictors were not used. Therefore, we believe that relative variations in the results between groups can be a comparing parameter when using different equipment without bronchoconstrictor administration.